Financing Organic Plant Breeding—New Economic Models for Seed as a Commons

Organic seed is vital for organic agriculture. However, plant breeding not keeping pace with the increasing production, mainly because of a lack sufficient financial resources. Therefore, questions arose: what are obstacles, and how can they be removed? An analysis situation in Europe revealed that royalties from intellectual property rights (IPRs) such as variety protection inappropriate seed. New additional financing strategies were developed based on concept commons, attitude stakeholders food value chain towards an open source strategy was assessed. The conclusion dealing commons indispensable feature breeding. this offer promising potential alternative to IPRs-based funding. It essential involve along entire chain, including consumers, successful introduction label “open organic” could boost commons-based financing. Generally, there no single solution; different identified complementary. Their validation requires further practical research development.